Foundations are broadly classified as :
- Shallow Foundations
- Deep Foundations
The term footing is used in conjunction with shallow foundations commonly. A footing is a foundation unit constructed in brick work, masonry or concrete under the base of a wall or a column for the purpose of distributing the load over a large area. A footing or a shallow foundation is placed immediately below the lowest part of the Superstructure supported by it. Some examples of footings are:
- Spread footings for columns
- Spread footings for walls
- Combined footings for columns and walls
- Strap footing
- Pile foundation
- Stages in forming vibro-expanded piles
- Well foundation
- Coffer dams
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