Reinforced Cement Concrete Retaining Wall (Cantilever Type) Maximum 6.0 meter Height including Column Load in Line. Retaining walls are utilized in the formation of basement under ground level, wing walls of bridge and to preserve slopes in hilly terrain roads.
Retaining wall can be built with masonry along with reinforced concrete. In instance of masonry retaining wall, the thickness of wall enhances with height for the reason that masonry opposes the lateral pressure by its mass.
As a result it is also known as gravity retaining wall. Meanwhile the reinforced concrete retaining wall opposes the lateral pressure by constructional action for instance bending and outcomes in thinner section.
Cantilever Retaining Wall: Cantilever retaining walls are most frequently and extensively used type of retaining wall. The next figure displays the cantilever retaining wall.
Components of a cantilever retaining wall and its operations: Vertical stem: Vertical stem in cantilever maintaining wall defies earth pressure from grounding side and twists like a cantilever. The extent of cantilever slab is bigger at the foundation of stem and it reduces slowly upwards owing to lessening of soil pressure with reduction in depth.
Base slab: The base slab composes the base of the retaining wall. It comprises of a heel slab and the toe slab. The heel slab work as a horizontal cantilever under the shared action of the mass of the preserving earth from the top and the soil pressure working from the soffit.
The toe slab too works as a cantilever under the influence of the soil pressure moving upward. The firmness of the wall is retained by the mass of the earth fill and on the heel slab conjointly with the self-mass of the constructional elements of the retaining wall. Cantilever style retaining walls are appropriate up to 5 meter depth of earthworks.
Counterfort Retaining Wall: Meanwhile the height of earth to be retaining go beyond 5 meter, the bending moment started in the stem, heel and toe slabs are very large which gives rise to large thickness of structural elements and turns out to be pricy. Therefore, counterfort type retaining wall is selected for larger heights. Counterfort retaining wall comprises of a stem, toe slab and heel slab as in example of cantilever retaining wall. But it also comprises of counterforts present at regular interval which splits the stem.
The stem with grouping of counterfort acts like a tee-beam with unstable width. The stem and heel slabs are successfully set to counterforts in order that the stem twists horizontally between the counterforts because of indirect earth pressure.
Therefore the thickness of stem and the heel slab is significantly decreased because of the reduction of moment owing to immobility of these slabs between counterforts.
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