10 PRACTICAL PROBLEMS TO THINK BEFORE DESIGNING A FOUNDATION

10 PRACTICAL PROBLEMS TO THINK BEFORE DESIGNING A FOUNDATION


There are, in foundation design, a number of practical construction problems and costs to be considered.
1-The foundations should be kept as shallow as possible, commensurate with climatic effects on, and strength of, the surface soil; particularly in waterlogged ground. 

2-Excavation in seriously waterlogged ground can be expensive and slow. Expensive and complex shuttering details should be avoided, particularly in stiffened rafts. Attention should be paid to buildability. 

3-Reduction in the costs of piling, improvements in ground treatment, advances in soil mechanics, etc. have considerably altered the economics of design, and many standard solutions are now out-of-date. There is a need to constantly review construction costs and techniques. 

4-Designers need to be more aware of the assumptions made in design, the variability of ground conditions, the occasional inapplicability of refined soil analyses and the practicality of construction. 

5-The reliability of the soil investigation, by critical assessment. 

6-Effect of construction on ground properties, i.e. vibration from piling, deterioration of ground exposed by excavation in adverse weather conditions, removal of overburden, seasonal variation in the water-table, compaction of the ground by construction plant.

7-Effect of varying shape, length and rigidity of the foundation, and the need for movement and settlement joints. 

8-After-effects on completed foundations of sulfate attack on concrete, ground movements due to frost heave, shrinkable clays, and the effects of trees; also changes in local environment, e.g. new construction, re-routing of heavy traffic, installation of plant in adjoining factories causing impact and vibration. 

9-Fast but expensive construction may be more economic than low-cost but slow construction to clients needing quick return on capital investment. 

10-Effect of new foundation loading on existing adjoining structures.
Referencecivilblog

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