It is essential to verify the verticality while building up the construction at various phases like setting up vertical formworks of columns and transmitting levels up succeeding floors of multi storey structures.
Different types of processes are used to manage or verify verticality works throughout building construction which are explained below
The following processes are followed to verify or manage verticality works:
1. Plumb-Bob Technique: Plumb-bob comprises of a weight having pointed tip on the bottom connected with the end of a string. The heavy weight will suspend under gravity and provide a perfect vertical line that is known as plumb line.
This process is useful for examining or managing vertical line of structural elements specifically indoors like lift shaft. With the addition to that, it gets the ability to manage verticality of foundation, walls, and columns. The wind force affects the plumb line or vertical line of plumb-bob and it’s perfectness can’t be retained. Small to medium lateral movement of plumb-bob can be decreased favorably by moistening it in oil or water.
If structural member’s height is extensive, then the string can be substituted with a long wire, but persistent cautions should be plasticized to get rid of imposing risks to the personals working below.
2. Spirit Level Method: This tool is very suitable for managing verticality of small scale works as for instance verifying formworks and door frames. If spirit level is applied for approximate checks, then it becomes essential to examine the verticality with more precise technique.
3. Theodolite Method: Theodolite is considerably robust instrument that can be utilized to verify the verticality works throughout construction by maintaining exactness and correctness.
It is undertaken for examining or managing verticality of towers, wall, foundation and columns; specifically huge number of columns along a one grid line. The slope out of plumb line of the member can be calculated with Theodolite in conjunction with a tape.
The following methods are applied to examine the verticality of column:
a. Arranging the digital Theodolite to the center on a peg that installed 500 mm from the column grid.
b. Once set up is completed properly, the laser beam will be activated and concentrated it to the steel tape that is retained to the form work.
c. Obtain the reading of the steel tape via the telescope.
d. Obtain the readings of two positions at the equivalent level on both top and bottom levels of the form work. With two readings at the equivalent level, it will be possible to recognize any curvature on the surface.
4. Optical Plummet Method: It is a useful tool that sight directly down or directly up. There is an automatic compensate in optical plummet that enhances its precision drastically concerning other methods applied for managing versatility.
Article Source: theconstructor.org
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