To determine the effective length for lateral buckling under the action of axial loads, a factor can be applied to the restraint spacing. For effective lengths of columns fixed at both ends, columns fixed at one end and hinged at other, columns hinged at both ends, etc.
Effective length is nothing but the length between inflection points in the buckling configuration of plane. According to structural point of view length of column is the distance between two points where a column gets its fixidty of support so its movement is restrained in all directions.
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